Denied access to funeral ground, Dalits light pyre on Bihar road
PATNA: Dalit villagers in Bihar’s Vaishali lit the pyre of a 91-year-old woman in the middle of a public road after allegedly being prevented from accessing the local cremation ground, sparking tensions and an inquiry. According to villagers and police, the funeral procession of Jhapsi Devi, a resident of Sondho-Vashudeo village in Goraul area, was on its way to the cremation ground on Thursday when some “influential” villagers allegedly stopped them. Enraged, the villagers carried the body to the middle of the road and cremated it there in full public view amid chants of Vedic rituals. Jhapsi died late Wednesday. The woman’s son, Sanjeet Manjhi, said the family was left with no option. “Jab ham logon ko nahin jane diya, toh gaon ke log bole ki yahi (road) par phoonk do (When we were not allowed to go the cremation site, villagers said we should hold the cremation here on the road itself,” Sanjeet said. Mewalal Manjhi, 67, another villager who was part of the procession, voiced deep despair. “We are poor, with no house and no land. Now, we are not even being allowed to cremate the bodies of our dead,” Mewalal asked. Courtesy : TOI Note: This news is originally published on https:/timesofindia.com/bha and is used purely for non-profit/non-commercial purposes, especially human rights
Periods will no longer stop girls from studying! A historic Supreme Court decision that you need to understand
The Supreme Court acknowledged that the lack of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) prevents girls from attending school, thereby violating their dignity, privacy, bodily autonomy, and reproductive health. This situation is a clear violation of Article 14 (Right to Equality), Article 15(3) (Special provisions for women and children), Article 21 (Right to life and personal liberty), and Article 21A (Right to education). New Delhi – In a very important and far-reaching decision on January 30, the Supreme Court declared menstrual health an integral part of the right to life under Article 21 and the right to education under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. A bench of Justices J.B. Pardiwala and R. Mahadevan delivered a detailed 126-page judgment in the case of Dr. Jaya Thakur vs. Union of India, in which the Court clearly stated that the absence of girls from school or dropping out entirely due to menstruation is unconstitutional. The Court said, “A period ends a sentence – not a girl’s education.” In the judgment, the Court acknowledged that the lack of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) prevents girls from attending school, thereby violating their dignity, privacy, bodily autonomy, and reproductive health. This situation is a clear violation of Article 14 (Right to Equality), Article 15(3) (Special provisions for women and children), Article 21 (Right to life and personal liberty), and Article 21A (Right to education). The Court stated that the right to live a life of dignity is only possible when girls can attend school during menstruation without shame, fear, or discomfort. The Court also analyzed Sections 3 and 19 of the RTE Act (2009) and clarified that “free education” means not only school fees but also includes all expenses and facilities related to menstrual hygiene management. If girls do not have access to sanitary napkins or if there are no separate, clean toilets in schools, it is a violation of the RTE Act. The court stated that “barrier-free access” in schools means not only access to the building but also the removal of all obstacles that prevent a child from attending school regularly. Under Section 3 of the RTE Act, free education includes not only school fees but also expenses related to menstrual hygiene management. The lack of separate toilets in schools is a violation of “barrier-free access.” Menstruation is no longer just a “women’s issue”; it is a collective responsibility. Under this judgment, the Supreme Court has issued strict instructions to all states and Union Territories to mandatorily provide the following facilities within three months: Every school (government or private) must have separate, fully functional toilets for boys and girls, with running water, soap, and privacy. Toilets must also be accessible for children with disabilities. Oxo-biodegradable sanitary napkins (meeting ASTM D-6954 standards) will be provided free of charge in every school, ideally through vending machines. If installing a machine is not immediately possible, these napkins will be kept at a designated place or with a designated person in the school. An “MHM Corner” will be established in every school, where spare undergarments, spare uniforms, disposable bags, and other necessary materials will be kept to deal with any emergencies during menstruation. Arrangements for the safe and environmentally friendly disposal of sanitary napkins must be made in every school, in accordance with the Solid Waste Management Rules. The court placed great emphasis on awareness and education. NCERT and SCERT have been directed to include menstruation, puberty, and problems like PCOS/PCOD in the curriculum to eliminate the shame and myths associated with it among girls. Training on sensitivity and support regarding menstrual health will be mandatory for all teachers (both male and female). The court specifically stated that it is also essential to educate boys that menstruation is a normal biological process, so that they can show empathy and respect towards their female classmates. For monitoring, the District Education Officer (DEO) has been ordered to inspect schools annually and collect anonymous feedback (surveys) from female students. The NCPCR and SCPCR have been entrusted with the responsibility of monitoring the implementation of this decision across the country. Non-compliance could lead to action, including the cancellation of the school’s recognition under Section 18 of the RTE Act. The court concluded with an emotional appeal, stating that this decision is not just a legal document, but for every girl who has been forced to drop out of school due to menstruation. The court said, “The fault is not yours. The change has now begun.” This case is still “part-heard.” Compliance reports have been sought from all states and union territories after three months. The Supreme Court has directed that this decision be communicated to all High Courts, state governments, and the Ministries of Education, Health, Jal Shakti, and Women and Child Development. Geetha Sunil Pillai Courtesy: Hindi News
Coimbatore: Cow dung smeared in office after Dalit manager’s transfer, bus driver suspended
Coimbatore: A deeply shameful incident of caste discrimination has come to light from Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. Here, a bus driver from the Mettupalayam branch-1 had the floor of his branch manager’s office cleaned with cow dung after the manager’s transfer. The reason behind this despicable act is said to be the manager’s Scheduled Caste (SC) background. According to a report by the New Indian Express, after the incident came to light, senior officials of the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) took swift action and suspended the accused driver, S. Sashiraj. Sashiraj is also the secretary of the transport corporation’s ‘LPF’ union. What is the whole matter? The incident took place on January 23. The then branch manager of the Mettupalayam branch, D. Prakashkumar, who belongs to the Scheduled Caste, was recently transferred to Ukkadam. It is alleged that immediately after his departure, Sashiraj had the office floor smeared with cow dung through a cleaner. According to eyewitnesses, the driver made derogatory remarks, saying that “the dirt (referring to the manager) has been cleaned from the branch.” Surprisingly, all this happened in front of Prakashkumar, who is deeply shocked and has not returned to work since then. Serious allegations of bullying and discrimination Sources in the transport corporation have made several serious revelations about Sashiraj’s working methods. While holding the post of Traffic Controller, Sashiraj allegedly assigned long and difficult routes to Scheduled Caste employees, while allocating shorter and more comfortable routes to people from his own community. It is alleged that he extorted money from employees for granting leave and preferred duties. Due to his political influence, he also disregarded the orders of the branch managers. In the last one and a half years, six branch managers have been transferred because of his actions. Reason for the conflict The current manager, D. Prakashkumar, had refused to comply with Shashi Raj’s arbitrary demands and had also issued him a memo for engaging in caste-based discrimination. Angered by this, Shashi Raj allegedly exerted pressure on higher officials, resulting in Prakashkumar’s transfer without any valid reason. The accused’s defense On the other hand, the suspended driver, Shashi Raj, has completely denied all these allegations. He claims that the accusations against him are politically motivated and false. Shashi Raj argued that he was merely maintaining the cleanliness of the office and that the room was cleaned that day as part of routine maintenance because it was dirty. TNSTC’s Coimbatore regional officials have confirmed that an internal inquiry into the matter has been initiated. The driver will remain suspended until the inquiry report is submitted. This incident has once again brought the deeply entrenched casteist mentality within government departments to the forefront of public debate. Rajan Chaudhary Courtesy: Hindi News
OHRC recommends state govt to ensure 1% transgender reservation in recruitment exams
Bhubaneswar: Odisha Human Rights Commission (OHRC) has recommended the state govt to ensure 1% reservation for transgender candidates in different recruitment exams. The commission passed the order on Jan 22 after hearing a petition filed by a transgender from Cuttack. The petitioner alleged discrimination and violation of fundamental rights due to non-inclusion of the third gender/transgender category in the application form for the upcoming Odisha Civil Services (OCS) Exam conducted by the Odisha Public Service Commission (OPSC). The petitioner contended that omission of the ‘third gender/transgender’ in the online form prevented applicants like the complainant, from applying and participating in the exam on an equal footing, thereby constituting discriminatory treatment and infringing upon their rights to equality and non-discrimination. The commission, without calling for any report from govt authorities, was prima facie satisfied of the violation of human rights and disposed of the case at the stage of admission. Human rights activist Biswapriya Kanungo, quoting the OHRC order, said the Constitution guarantees equality and non-discrimination under Article 14, ensuring equal protection of laws, while Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of sex, which was interpreted to include gender identity. Article 16 mandates equality of opportunity in public employment, and any exclusion based on gender identity is arbitrary and violative thereof. The commission recommended the general administration and social security departments to consider inclusion of ‘third gender/transgender’ as an option in the applications forms of govt recruitment exams and to make at least 1% reservation for them, and to direct all recruiting boards and authorities, including OPSC, to do the same. As the present complaint relates to the OCS exam, for which applications are already invited, OHRC urged the state govt consider the same at the earliest by making a request to OPSC to allow a ‘third gender/transgender’ option and extend the application deadline for at least 15 days for such candidates. The order stated that govt should ensure the recommendation is carried out by all departments and its corporations. OHRC asked govt to submit a compliance report within 60 days. Courtesy : TOI Note: This news is originally published on https:/timesofindia.com/bha and is used purely for non-profit/non-commercial purposes, especially human rights
Talks with Rahul smooth: Kanimozhi
Chennai: DMK deputy general secretary Kanimozhi Karunanidhi on Friday said her recent meeting with Congress leader Rahul Gandhi was “smooth” and dismissed speculations about a possible rift between the long-time allies. She said chief minister M K Stalin will make announcements regarding seat negotiations. In a related development, TNCC chief K Selvaperunthagai told TOI that seat-sharing talks with DMK are anticipated next week. Kanimozhi’s meeting with Rahul Gandhi took place in New Delhi in the wake of senior Congress functionaries going public with their demand for power sharing. “As far as I know, there is no conflict. The discussions were cordial,” the DMK leader told reporters in Tirunelveli. Kanimozhi said there was a possibility of new parties joining DMK-led alliance and Stalin would decide on them. The DMK is likely to allocate two more seats to Congress, in addition to 25 offered in the 2021 assembly election. DMK sources told TOI that discussions at Rahul’s Delhi residence that lasted around 45 minutes, “resolved” the issue of power sharing, and Congress leadership “understood that it was not possible” in Tamil Nadu. Leaders of both parties, however, did not wish to be quoted on the specifics of the talks on power-sharing. A senior DMK leader, who was privy to the meeting, said Congress high command held high respect for DMK and its leadership, and the long-standing alliance between the parties. “Both parties are ideologically aligned, and we do not wish to break ties,” the DMK leader said. Moreover, the Congress understands the significance of DMK’s strength as an ally and the support it will offer to Congress in the 2029 Lok Sabha elections, said another senior DMK leader. Rahul is believed to have expressed interest in commencing talks between the seat negotiation committees of both parties soon. During his interactions with senior TNCC functionaries in New Delhi recently, Rahul Gandhi sought their views on alliance with TVK. Many expressed a preference for continuing alliance with DMK with a decent number of seats. A senior leader bluntly told the leadership that severing ties with DMK would be suicidal for the party. In Tiruvarur, Selvaperunthagai described Kanimozhi’s meeting with Rahul Gandhi as “honest and dignified,” unlike AIADMK general secretary Edappadi K Palaniswami’s visit to Delhi. “We have not exerted pressure on our ally, DMK, nor will we. We will ask for whatever we want and get it,” he said. Congress general secretary (organisation) K C Venugopal is scheduled to flag off a padayatra by TNCC workers against VB-G RAM G in Chennai on Feb 5. Courtesy : TOI Note: This news is originally published on https:/timesofindia.com/bha and is used purely for non-profit/non-commercial purposes, especially human rights
Congress leaders pay tribute to Mahatma Gandhi, protest changes to MGNREGA
Shimla: Chief minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu, along with Congress leaders, paid floral tributes to the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi, on his death anniversary, observed as Martyrs’ Day, at the historic Ridge in Shimla on Friday. Following the tribute, the Congress leaders observed a two-hour fast from 11 am to 1 pm to protest against “renaming and dilution of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)” by the BJP-led Union govt. Addressing mediapersons, the CM alleged that the central govt not only altered the name of MGNREGA but also weakened the core objectives of the scheme. He said thw MGNREGA was earlier a strong pillar of rural employment, particularly benefiting youth and women, but opportunities under the scheme are now being steadily reduced. Sukhu highlighted that village pradhans earlier had the authority to undertake development works such as road construction under MGNREGA, which ensured employment close to people’s homes. He added that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the scheme played a vital role in providing employment to a large number of people. However, he expressed concern that the powers of panchayat pradhans are now curtailed. The CM added that for nearly two decades, MGNREGA guaranteed employment and also provided unemployment allowance when work was not made available. He said the two-hour fast was a symbolic protest against the systematic dismantling of the scheme. He also pointed out that while the central govt earlier bore 100% of the expenditure, it now shifted to a 90:10 funding pattern, which could adversely affect states like Himachal Pradesh. Responding to a question, Sukhu said he raised concerns over the proposed reduction in import duty on apples from New Zealand with Union minister Piyush Goyal, cautioning that it could severely impact apple growers in Himachal Pradesh. Courtesy : TOI Note: This news is originally published on https:/timesofindia.com/bha and is used purely for non-profit/non-commercial purposes, especially human rights
30 yrs on, man accused of attemptto rape of Dalit girl gets 5 yrs in jail
Agra: A special SC/ST court in Firozabad has sentenced a convict, now 60, to five years’ imprisonment and imposed a fine of Rs 14,000 in a case dating back over three decades, involving the attempt to rape of an 11-year-old Dalit girl. “The incident took place on May 6, 1995. The case remained pending in court. Now, under ‘Operation Conviction’, police traced the girl (now 41, married and settled in another district) and produced her before the court for testimony. Also, retired police personnel who were witnesses in that case were identified and located,” Narendra Solanki, additional district govt counsel, told TOI. The ADGC added: “After examining all witnesses and evidence, the court of additional district judge, Navneet Kumar Giri, on Wednesday finally held the accused man guilty and sentenced him to five years’ jail. The court also stated that half the fine amount should be given to the victim.” After the court’s verdict, the convict was taken into custody and sent back to jail. Meanwhile, police in Firozabad, in its statement, stated, “The victim was only 11 years old at the time of the incident. Through tireless efforts, she was located. There were a total of four police officers who were witnesses in this case, all of whom retired (on pension) over time. Their testimonies provided a logical and strong basis for the case.” In 1995, after receiving a complaint by the girl’s father, an FIR was registered under IPC section and the SC/ST Act. The accused was arrested and sent to jail. He later got bail. Police then submitted a chargesheet in court. In the complaint, the father had stated, “The accused forcibly took away our daughter while she was asleep. He grabbed her and attempted to rape her. When she screamed out aloud, he thrashed her, repeatedly. Villagers came out and identified the man, before he managed to flee.” Notably, ‘Operation Conviction’ was initiated by UP Police to deliver swift and time-bound justice in serious criminal cases, particularly against hardened criminals. Courtesy : TOI Note: This news is originally published on https:/timesofindia.com/bha and is used purely for non-profit/non-commercial purposes, especially human rights
Transgender succumbs to burn injuries
Virudhunagar: A 21-year-old transgender, who allegedly set herself ablaze outside Srivilliputhur Town police station on Jan 25 to protest police questioning her friend, died at Govt Rajaji Hospital in Madurai on Thursday morning. The deceased, Mutharasi, sustained 75% burn injuries and was undergoing treatment at the hospital. Police said they received a complaint regarding two transgenders, Sharmi, 22, and Isha, 24, seeking alms and behaving rudely with the public at Srivilliputhur bus stand on Sunday. A woman SI reached the spot and dispersed them. Later in the day, the policewoman noticed one of them seeking alms in another locality in the town. The SI reprimanded her and asked her to report to the station for a formal inquiry. Following this, Mutharasi, along with others, gathered outside the station demanding immediate release of the person detained. While the inquiry was in progress, Mutharasi allegedly poured petrol on herself and set herself alight outside the station. She was rushed to Virudhunagar govt medical college hospital and subsequently referred to GRH for further treatment. Srivilliputhur Town police registered a case and are conducting investigations. Courtesy : TOI Note: This news is originally published on https:/timesofindia.com/bha and is used purely for non-profit/non-commercial purposes, especially human rights
Refusal to see caste discrimination, not ‘false complaints’, is the real crisis on campus
Little will change until institutes recognise the experiences of Dalit, Adivasi and OBC students. An Indian student during a protest rally against the government’s recommendation for 50% reservation for backward classes in education and government jobs, in this photograph from Bengaluru in May 2006. The University Grants Commission’s updated rules to address caste discrimination in higher education institutes have sparked outrage among Savarna commentators and students. They claim that they will become victims of false complaints and that the provisions will be weaponised against them. But this reflects a continuing refusal to listen to experiences of caste discrimination on campuses, something I have witnessed closely since 2022 when I became the first elected student representative of the Equal Opportunity Cell at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. As part of student committees and through my research on caste injustice, I have seen how the claim that Dalit, Adivasi and OBC students misuse guidelines against general category students is invoked when a caste discrimination complaint is filed. This negative framing favours the student or professor accused of casteism and rarely accounts for the humiliation or insensitive behaviour faced by the student making the complaint. Over the past few days, Savarna students have framed themselves as potential victims of the UGC rules, issued on January 13, recentering the issue of casteist discrimination around their anxieties. On January 29, the Supreme Court stayed the new rules after hearing a public interest litigation which claimed that the guidelines were vague and could be misused. Akhil Kang, a queer Dalit scholar who has extensively written about “upper-caste victimhood”, argues that claims of upper-caste victimhood are not about actual harm. Instead, they are about preserving moral innocence in the face of caste accountability. Illustrating Kang’s observation, upper-caste students are floating hypothetical situations in which they could be victimised by the UGC guidelines. For example, one Instagram post claims that a general category female student is now afraid of being accused of caste discrimination if she rejects the advances of a male student from the Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe category. Such claims displace attention from the everyday experiences of discrimination of Dalit and Adivasi students, who remain unacknowledged in classrooms and are rendered invisible on campuses where merit is routinely read through caste. Caste on campus As part of a meeting called by the National Task Force set up by the Supreme Court on January 12, I highlighted three crucial observations based on my experience of observing casteism on campus. The meeting was attended by anti-caste intellectuals, academics, activists and student representatives from universities in Delhi. First, caste is seemingly invisible and so it is difficult to prove that it exists. But the discriminatory effects of caste are primarily experienced by Dalit, Adivasi and OBC students. For example, a professor may make a student wait outside their office hours every day just to address one concern or speak to them. The student could wait for days on end, often feeling humiliated. But this will not be recognised as “casteism”. This same professor could ask about the student’s rank in the entrance exam – using the phrase “hawa kya hai?”, or what’s the AIR, or all India rank. Ambedkarite student collectives across the IITs have stressed that asking a student’s rank should be counted as caste discrimination. Rank indicates whether a student was admitted in the general or Dalit, Adivasi and OBC students. The student might then be labelled incompetent and underperforming, and the professor could suggest that they be expelled from IIT Delhi for not being meritorious. The student could find their admission and place at the institute being attacked and so end up writing to the administration and Equal Opportunity Cell, or SC/ST cell, seeking legal recourse. The Equal Opportunity Cell registers the student’s complaint, and thereafter, a committee is set up to inquire into caste discrimination. This illustrates how faculty and resource persons in an institution refuse to listen to a student who feels neglected or socially excluded. Congress workers protest against the death by suicide of doctoral scholar Rohith Vemula, in this photograph from January 2016. Credit: AFP. Second, caste reveals itself through networks and support systems. A general category student might instantly feel a sense of belonging in the classroom while a Dalit, Adivasi or OBC student may continuously invest energy in proving or defending their merit. As a student representative, I have observed that the network of Savarna scholars does not easily offer support to Dalit, Adivasi and OBC students and often has preconceived notions about who is meritorious or deserving. Savarna students travel easily through these networks, receiving guidance on scholarships abroad, building academic connections, seeking funding and finding opportunities to get published. But Dalit students have to hustle merely to get signatures on recommendation letters. Even if students have got admission on merit, they are always made to feel inadequate. “No matter how I perform, I feel invisible in the classroom,” a Dalit BTech student told me off the record on campus. “The Savarna professor never acknowledges my greeting.” Such an environment attacks the confidence of Dalit, Adivasi and OBC students. The demoralisation shows itself in lesser grades, poor progress reports and lonely or isolated students in campus spaces. It is a challenge to define this experience of being made to feel invisible, but what can be defined are broader actions – the implicit or explicit bias on the campus. Many Dalit and Adivasi scholars report feeling depressed, which I believe is a result of an uncaring institutional structure that does not provide motivation, appreciation nor respond to their efforts properly. In 2022, I emailed the IIT-Delhi mental health team asking why caste-based trauma was missing from the counselling options of gender, LGBTQ+, violence, relationship problems and campus problems. It was aimed at making the institute recognise the reality of the trauma of caste. IIT-Delhi positively implemented this, by adding “caste-based trauma” as an option on its YourDost website, which provides counselling to enrolled students. The third observation was the
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka lead list of Dalit, tribal & OBC judges in lower courts
SCs, STs and OBCs make up 45.7% of district court judges in the country; south India leads New Delhi: The district and subordinate courts in the country have 14.15% Dalits, 5.12% tribals and 26.64% OBCs as judges, with statistics showing that diversity among them is higher in south India with Tamil Nadu and Karnataka leading the spot compared to the rest of the count It showed that the lower judiciary is more representative compared to the High Courts where appointments since 2018 showed only 3.89% of 847 judges were Dalits, 2% tribals and 12.27% OBCs. These statistics were provided by Law Minister Arjun Meghwal in a written reply to senior RJD MP Manoj K Jha. States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh have impressive representation in lower courts while the statistics placed in Parliament showed “zero” SC, ST and OBC judges in lower courts in West Bengal and Andaman Nicobar Islands. According to the statistics, 45.76% or 9,534 – Civil Judge (Junior Division), Civil Judge (Senior Division) and District Judge – of 20,833 judges in district and subordinate courts are from SC, ST and OBC communities as on January 21. Of this, 14.15% (2,949) are SCs, 5.12% (1,068) STs and 26.64% (5,517) are OBCs. Among the big States, Tamil Nadu has 97.65% (1,205 of 1,234) from these categories – SC 20.66% (255), ST 1.21% (15) and OBCs 75.76% (935). SCs, STs and OBCs accounted for 88.82% (996) of 1129 district and subordinate court judges in Karnataka. Dalit judges numbered 226 (20.01%) and 47 (4.16%) were tribals while OBCs accounted for 733 (64.92%). Other south Indian States – Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Kerala – also fared well in representation in lower judiciary. The OBC judges in Kerala accounted for 50.60% while Dalits accounted for 7.45% and 0.69% tribals while Andhra’s count were 38.98%, 18.88% and 5.59% and Telangana 44.71%, 15.28% and 8.98%, respectively. Overall, Uttar Pradesh has 53.56% or 1,414 of 2,640 judges belonging to the three communities – Dalits accounted for 20.22% (534), 1.43% tribals (38) and 31.89% (842) OBCs. Bihar has 253 or 20.01% Dalit judges in district and subordinate courts while the figures for tribals was 0.84% (14) and 28.76% (479) OBCs. Overall, 44.8% or 746 of 1,665 judges in Bihar districts belonged to SCs, STs and OBCs. While only those persons who are recommended by the Supreme Court Collegium are appointed as Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, the state governments in consultation with the respective High Courts frame the rules and regulations regarding appointment and recruitment of judicial officers in the respective State Judicial Service. Judges in districts and representation – State | Scheduled Caste% | Scheduled Tribe% | OBC% Tamil Nadu / 20.66 / 1.21 / 75.76 Karnataka / 20.01 /4.16 / 64.92 Kerala / 7.45 / 0.69 / 50.60 Andhra Pradesh / 18.88 / 5.59 / 38.98 Telangana / 15.28 / 8.98 / 44.71 Uttar Pradesh / 20.22 / 1.43 / 31.89 Bihar / 15.19 / 0.84 / 28.76 Maharashtra / 11.70 / 0.36 / 25.77 Madhya Pradesh / 16.04 / 14.15 / 18.79 Overall / 14.15 / 5.12 / 26.64 Shemin Joy DHNS Courtesy : DH Note: This news is originally published on https:/deccanherald.com/bha and is used purely for non-profit/non-commercial purposes, especially human rights